{"id":17604,"date":"2024-06-10T05:14:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T12:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=17604"},"modified":"2024-06-10T05:14:07","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T12:14:07","slug":"limit-offset-pagination-vs-cursor-pagination-in-mysql","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/article\/limit-offset-pagination-vs-cursor-pagination-in-mysql\/","title":{"rendered":"Limit\/Offset Pagination vs. Cursor Pagination in MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pagination_in_MySQL\"><\/span>Pagination in MySQL<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pagination is an essential technique in managing and displaying large datasets in a manageable and user-friendly way. Its primary function is to divide extensive result sets into smaller, discrete &#8220;pages&#8221; of data, which can be loaded and displayed progressively to enhance user experience and performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importance of Pagination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enhancing User Experience<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In web applications, users do not want to scroll through long, unmanageable lists. Pagination allows users to navigate through data systematically, presenting them with a subset of data at a time, which is more digestible and easier to manage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Managing Large Datasets<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Handling large datasets efficiently is critical for performance. Without pagination, queries may return thousands or millions of rows, which can overwhelm both the client side and the database server. Pagination helps by limiting the number of rows retrieved in each query iteration, thus improving the performance and responsiveness of applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Pagination Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are primarily two methods for paginating data in a MySQL database:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limit\/Offset Pagination<\/strong>: This is the more traditional form of pagination, where SQL queries use the <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause to specify the number of records to fetch and use the <code>OFFSET<\/code> to specify the starting point.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cursor Pagination<\/strong>: Cursor pagination, also known as &#8220;keyset pagination,&#8221; involves using a reference point (cursor) to fetch rows following or preceding the given cursor. This method is generally more efficient for large datasets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LimitOffset_Pagination\"><\/span>Limit\/Offset Pagination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>LIMIT<\/code> \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 <code>OFFSET<\/code> clauses are used in SQL queries to control the result set. The <code>LIMIT<\/code> specifies the maximum number of rows to return, and the <code>OFFSET<\/code> specifies how many rows to skip before beginning to return rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Using LIMIT Clause<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here&#8217;s a basic example of using the <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books ORDER BY published_at DESC LIMIT 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This query fetches the first 10 rows from the <code>books<\/code> table ordered by publication date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To fetch the next page, you use the <code>OFFSET<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books ORDER BY published_at DESC LIMIT 10 OFFSET 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This returns rows 11 through 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another approach supported by MySQL is combining the two in a single <code>LIMIT<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books ORDER BY published_at DESC LIMIT 10, 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This also fetches rows 11 through 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Avoiding High OFFSET Values<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One significant drawback of the <code>LIMIT\/OFFSET<\/code> approach is performance degradation with higher <code>OFFSET<\/code> values. The database must skip rows to reach the specified offset, which can be costly for large datasets. An effective way to mitigate this is by using indexed columns in the <code>WHERE<\/code> clause:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books WHERE id &gt; 1000 ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here, <code>id<\/code> should be an indexed column, making the pagination more efficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages and Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Simplicity and Ease of Use<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <code>LIMIT\/OFFSET<\/code> method is straightforward and easy to implement. It doesn\u2019t require maintaining the state of previous queries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Performance Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, as mentioned, using high <code>OFFSET<\/code> values results in performance issues, as the database needs to scan and discard the skipped rows. This method can become inefficient for very large datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cursor_Pagination\"><\/span>Cursor Pagination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implementation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cursor-based pagination uses a cursor to keep track of the last-seen item and fetches rows based on this cursor. This method is often more efficient for large datasets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Using Cursors<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here\u2019s a simple example of cursor-based pagination:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books WHERE id &gt; 1000 ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Assume the last row in the previous result set had an <code>id<\/code> of 1009; to fetch the subsequent rows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM books WHERE id &gt; 1009 ORDER BY id ASC LIMIT 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Another way to use cursors is by leveraging the <code>ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> window function:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>SELECT * FROM (\n    SELECT id, title, published_at, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY id) as row_num FROM books\n) as temp_table\nWHERE row_num &gt; 1000 AND row_num &lt;= 1010;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Efficient Data Retrieval<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cursor pagination can be more performant because it doesn\u2019t need to skip rows like <code>LIMIT\/OFFSET<\/code>. Instead, it uses an indexed column directly to fetch the necessary rows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages and Disadvantages<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Performance Benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cursor pagination often results in better performance, especially with very large datasets, since it avoids the inefficiencies associated with high <code>OFFSET<\/code> values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Complexity in Implementation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The downside is that cursor pagination is more complex to implement and manage, as it requires maintaining the state (i.e., the cursor) between queries. This method can also be less flexible than <code>LIMIT\/OFFSET<\/code> for certain use cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span><strong>Summary<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both <code>LIMIT\/OFFSET<\/code> and cursor pagination are essential techniques for handling large datasets in MySQL efficiently. Each has its use cases, advantages, and disadvantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limit\/Offset Pagination:<\/strong> Simple to implement and works well for relatively small datasets. Becomes inefficient with high offsets due to the need to skip rows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cursor Pagination:<\/strong> More efficient for large datasets, especially when high offsets are needed. However, it requires more careful implementation and state management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Selecting the appropriate pagination method depends largely on the specific requirements of the application, the size of the dataset, and the performance characteristics required. By understanding these methods, developers can ensure efficient data retrieval and improved application performance, thereby providing a better user experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"\/ko\/tidb\/\">\ud2f0DB<\/a> supports both limit\/offset and cursor-based pagination techniques, <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcap.com\/tidb\/stable\/mysql-compatibility\">similar to MySQL<\/a>. Given TiDB&#8217;s distributed nature, cursor pagination can be particularly advantageous as it more efficiently handles large datasets spread across multiple nodes by reducing the need to skip rows. Moreover, its support for keyset pagination helps in maintaining optimal performance by leveraging the distributed indexing capabilities.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pagination in MySQL Pagination is an essential technique in managing and displaying large datasets in a manageable and user-friendly way. Its primary function is to divide extensive result sets into smaller, discrete &#8220;pages&#8221; of data, which can be loaded and displayed progressively to enhance user experience and performance. Importance of Pagination Enhancing User Experience In [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-17604","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Limit\/Offset Pagination vs. Cursor Pagination in MySQL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pagination is an essential technique in managing and displaying large datasets in a manageable and user-friendly way.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/article\/limit-offset-pagination-vs-cursor-pagination-in-mysql\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Limit\/Offset 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       <a class=\"card-article\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/article\/limit-offset-pagination-vs-cursor-pagination-in-mysql\/\">            <h3>Limit\/Offset Pagination vs. Cursor Pagination in MySQL<\/h3>            <p>Pagination in MySQL Pagination is an essential technique in managing and displaying large datasets in a manageable and user-friendly way. Its primary function is to divide extensive result sets into smaller, discrete &#8220;pages&#8221; of data, which can be loaded and displayed progressively to enhance user experience and performance. Importance of Pagination Enhancing User Experience In [&hellip;]<\/p>        <\/a>","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/17604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pingcap.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}