Architecture

A Cloud-Native, Modular Architecture for Real-Time Scale

TiDB’s distributed SQL architecture fully decouples compute and storage, uses object storage as the durable backend, and scales intelligently to support real-time, hybrid, and AI workloads—all while maintaining ACID transactions and MySQL compatibility.

Compute Layer

Handles SQL processing and query optimization with MySQL compatibility.

Row Store

Provides a distributed key-value store for OLTP workloads with strong consistency.

Columnar Store

Enables real-time analytics on transactional data with a columnar storage engine.

Object Store

Central source of truth for persisted data. Enables elastic scaling, lower storage costs, and up to 11 nines of durability.

Orchestrator

Manages metadata and balances data distribution across nodes for optimal performance through the Placement Driver(PD).

computer layer

Row Store

Columnar Store

Object Store

PD

What Makes TiDB Different

A Unified SQL Engine for Every Workload

TiDB simplifies your data stack by unifying hybrid workloads within a single platform. Built for developers and operators alike, TiDB brings distributed performance, strong consistency, and cloud-native flexibility together in one MySQL-compatible system.

self-1

Petabyte-Scale Performance

Handle extreme data volumes and concurrency with low latency. Scale to petabytes and support millions of QPS/TPS without performance degradation.

Stack

Simplify Your Stack with One System

Replace complex data pipelines and siloed architectures with a single, workload-aware SQL platform that adapts to analytical, operational, and AI use cases.

Multi-Cloud Availability

Cloud-Native by Design

Decoupled compute and storage, elastic scale, and object storage-native durability across environments.

Enterprise-Grade

Enterprise-Grade from Day One

Built-in replication, fault tolerance, global deployments, and workload observability.

Benefits

Advanced Features That Set TiDB Apart

With TiDB’s advanced capabilities, organizations can optimize performance, ensure data reliability, and adapt their infrastructure to meet evolving business needs

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Horizontal Scaling
Horizontal Scaling

Provides seamless scaling with automatic sharding. Built-in security controls safeguard your data as it scales effortlessly.

99.99% Availability
99.99% Availability

Ensures continuous access to data with automated failover, self-healing capabilities, and secure data recovery, providing uninterrupted uptime and zero data loss.

Strong Consistency
Strong Consistency

Maintains ACID transactions with strong data consistency, integrity checks, and compliance with global data privacy regulations when distributing data globally.

Mixed Workloads
Optimized for Mixed Workloads

Streamlined tech stack optimized for transactional, analytical, and AI workloads, while ensuring data security and privacy.

MySQL Compatibility
MySQL Compatibility

Leverage the world’s most MySQL-compatible distributed SQL database, with enhanced security and reliability, all built on a familiar platform.

Multi Cloud
Multi-Cloud

Easily deploy database clusters across your preferred cloud platforms. Benefit from end-to-end encryption and full compliance with each cloud provider’s security standards.

Open-Source
Built on a Proven Open Source Foundation

Unlock business innovation with a transparent, community-driven, and secure database that’s 100% open source.

Security
Robust Security and Compliance

Protect data with enterprise-grade encryption, both in-flight and at-rest, supported by regular security audits and compliance certifications such as GDPR, CCPA, and SOC2.

Object-storage
Cloud-Native Object Storage

Durable, low-cost, cloud-optimized storage that enables elastic scale and fast Point-In-Time Recovery (PITR).

wokload-isolation
Workload Isolation

Separate background jobs from foreground queries with modular services.

Deployment Options

Deploy TiDB Your Way

Choose how and where you want TiDB to run. Whether you want it fully managed by PingCAP, or deployed on your infrastructure, TiDB offers maximum flexibility for every business model.

TiDB Cloud
  • TiDB runs in PingCAP’s managed cloud environment
  • Best for speed, simplicity, and enterprise SLAs
  • Available in Starter, Essential, and Dedicated editions
TiDB Self-Managed
  • Keep data and infra under your control
  • Ideal for regulated industries or custom deployment needs
Use Cases

Built for What You’re Building

For applications that demand always-on performance, elastic scale, and architectural simplicity, TiDB is the database that keeps up.

Resources to Fuel Your TiDB Journey
Documentation

Documentation

Access detailed and comprehensive documentation covering all aspects of TiDB.

Architecture

Hands-on Labs

Dive in and master TiDB’s unique capabilities through hands-on practices.

Customer Stories

Customer Stories

Read how companies support their most important workloads.